Modern physics, from Newton to Einstein and further into the Big Bang and Inflationary theories, has provided frameworks that explain numerous observational facts. Planetary motion, everyday mechanics, cosmic expansion, and the cosmic microwave background are all phenomena that have been addressed with significant success.
However, these theories and models, while circulating as “common sense” in education, research, and society, simultaneously carry many contradictions with observation and theoretical inconsistencies. Some have already been discarded as errors (e.g., the geocentric model, the ether theory), others have proven to be only partially applicable (e.g., Newtonian mechanics, relativity), and still others have become widely accepted despite remaining hypothetical (e.g., dark matter, dark energy).
Moreover, the Big Bang theory, intended to describe the origin of the universe, and the Inflationary theory, introduced to solve the homogeneity problem, both face serious issues of justification and verifiability. In addition, the extreme discrepancy between the theoretical and observed values of vacuum energy, the limitations of the Standard Model, the challenges to the invariance of the speed of light, and the tension within the assumption of time symmetry all indicate that even the foundational “common sense” of physics may in fact be NG.
These issues are not simply “unsolved problems.” Rather, they demonstrate that the very frameworks regarded as the common sense of modern physics may be erroneous or based on ungrounded assumptions. This paper aims to systematically organize these issues and present them as a “Map of Civilizational Editorial Responsibility.”
The 21 items listed in this paper represent areas in modern physics that are widely accepted as “common sense” yet carry the potential of being NG. This paper takes that items as a starting point, and for each item, will examine observational data, theoretical structures, and mathematical consistency in detail, presented in an FAQ-style format.
ken-theory.org Published:2025-08-30
